How Do Babies or Toddlers Get Diagnosed with Autism: A Comprehensive Guide

Autism spectrum disorder, also known as ASD, affects many children. Parents that have concerns should talk to their child's doctor about further evaluation.

• Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, is a developmental disorder that affects a child's communication, social interaction, and behavior.

• ASD is a neurological disorder that affects how people perceive and process information.

• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association sets the standards for autism diagnosis.

• It should be noted that autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it affects kids to varying degrees and in different ways. What autism looks like in one child might not be what it looks like in other children. 

What Are The Early Signs of Autism in Babies?

Are there any medical tests to show that babies might be on the autism spectrum?

The earliest signs of autism spectrum disorder can be identified by whether babies are meeting learning and developmental milestones. Professional evaluation is needed to diagnose ASD, and parents shouldn't use the Internet to diagnose their child.

Autism spectrum disorder can cause behaviors that are disruptive or challenging to live a "normal" day to day life, even at a young age. Your child's development will be closely tracked by their pediatrician so that over time, the can make sure to watch for early signs of autism.

Identifying "Red Flags" in Infants and Toddlers

Certain behaviors, like refusing to make eye contact, having an intense interest in a specific item or activity, or difficulty interacting with other children of a similar age, are all very early signs of autism.

If you're concerned that your child might have autism spectrum disorder, here are some common indicators:

• Limited eye contact

• Lack of gesturing

• Not responding to their name

• Reduced emotional responses

• Lack of facial expressions or ability to understand facial expressions

• Regressions in speech or other behaviors

• Repetitive movements

• Repetitive behaviors

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that most parents with autistic children notice some signs within the first year, and many observe developmental differences by the time their child is 2 years old.

Identifying developmental differences early gives the child in your care the advantage of early diagnosis. This is why regular care by a pediatrician is so important. A doctor can track your baby's development over time, looking out for developmental differences or early signs of autism.

If you notice any differences in your baby or toddler compared to other children of similar ages, especially in social situations, speak with your child's doctor.

When Should Parents Seek a Diagnosis?

If you have any concerns about your child's developmental differences, consult your healthcare provider or pediatrician for further evaluation. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for autism between 18 months and 24 months, as well as during regular well-child visits which typically occur at 9 months, 18 months, and 30 months.

If you have concerns about your child’s development, it’s essential to discuss them with your child’s pediatrician. Early diagnosis and intervention are the keys to better health outcomes for autistic children.

With early intervention, autistic children can get access to the resources they need to be able to better communicate and socialize with their peers.

Diagnosis Of Autism: The Assessment and Diagnosis

The diagnosis process is a two-step process, starting with a pediatrician’s assessment at 18 and 24 month checkups. Pediatricians evaluate children’s development and behavior at these well child exams.

The doctor might ask about family history, development, and behavior, and look for milestones such as language and social skills. If concerns arise, pediatricians will refer children to specialists for further evaluation. The earlier children with ASD get diagnosed, the better off they will be as they get access to resources that will help them succeed.

Diagnosis Tools for Autism 

Diagnostic tools for ASD in young children rely on parents’ descriptions of their child’s development and a professional’s observation of the child’s behavior.

No single tool should be used as the basis for diagnosis - multiple tools are often used in combination. Specialists such as neuro-developmental pediatricians, developmental-behavioral pediatricians, child neurologists, geneticists, and early intervention programs provide assessment services.

Screening Tools for Young Children

There are several different screening tools used to diagnose autism spectrum disorder in children.

• The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) is a structured interview conducted with parents or caregivers to help differentiate autism from other possible causes. This interview is considered reliable for making an autism diagnosis.

• The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is a screening companion to the ADI-R and takes around 10 minutes to complete.

• The Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) is designed specifically for children between 16 months and 30 months of age.

• The Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers & Young Children (STAT) is an interactive test used to screen for autism in children between 24 months and 36 months of age. 

Meeting Diagnostic Criteria for ASD (according to the DSM-5)

• To meet diagnostic criteria for ASD, a child must have continual deficits in each of three areas of social communication and interaction.

• Children must also exhibit at least two of four types of restricted, repetitive behaviors.

• The severity of the diagnosis is based on social communication issues and repetitive patterns of behavior.

• The diagnostic criteria for ASD are outlined in the DSM-5, which provides standardized criteria for medical professionals to use to make the most accurate diagnosis. 

What Should You Expect After an Autism Diagnosis?

If your child has an autism diagnosis, it’s essential to work with your child’s pediatrician and other healthcare professionals to develop a treatment plan to help them learn new skills and stay on track with their peers.

Resources like early intervention and therapy can significantly impact your child’s development and quality of life. It’s also important to connect with other families and support groups to build a community you can rely on.

How Can We Support Autistic Children and Families?  

Supporting autistic children and families requires education, therapy, and community involvement. It’s essential for each caregiver to understand and accept your child’s diagnosis and work collaboratively with healthcare professionals to develop a treatment plan that will help children with ASD succeed.

Building a support network of family, friends, and other families with autistic children can be incredibly helpful. No parent should feel alone in their child's diagnosis.

Navigating the Diagnostics Process

Navigating the diagnostic process can be overwhelming and cause anxiety, but it’s essential to stay informed and advocate for your child. Working with your child’s pediatrician and other healthcare professionals can help a parent better understand the diagnostic process and what to expect, reducing anxiety and stress.

If you feel overwhelmed with the process, ask questions or seek a second opinion if you have concerns about your child’s diagnosis. Just because a child exhibits some symptoms of autism at an early age, does not necessarily mean they have autism.

Signs and symptoms vary widely and it's important to trust in healthcare professionals to make an accurate diagnosis.

Next Steps After an Autism Diagnosis

After an autism diagnosis, caregivers should take the next steps to support their child’s development and well-being. This can include therapy, education, and community involvement. Building a support system and staying informed about autism and its treatment options can help you navigate the journey ahead!